Bukhara shop

Uzbek carpets “carpet warms soul and gladdens eye” - this saying as it cannot better expresses the value of the skill of carpet making for Uzbeks. Perhaps, it will not be located in Uzbekistan such house, wherever not there was carpet or palasa. According to tradition, which was formed even in the antiquity, carpet articles were always the important part of the decoration of dwelling, frequently substituting furniture. By carpets covered floor, decorated walls and always valued not only their functional properties, but also artistic merits. Carpet making in Uzbekistan is known from the most immemorial times, and the types of carpets are so diverse which is difficult to find in the world the region, where is equally popular not would be popular and felt, and palas and napped carpet. Perhaps, felt was the most ancient type of carpet coatings. This invention of nomadic peoples today serves herdsmen on the mountain and steppe pastures, where yourtas cover with the felt, cover floor, since, on the popular belief, to it snake or poisonous spider- steppe spider never will begin to crawl. Women deal with the production of felt in essence. The washed and shaken up sheep or camel fur they sprinkle with water and spread by flat layer to the mat from the reed or to another, finished felt. Billet displace into the large cylinder, tie up by rope and several women simultaneously roll by its feet, they toss up and they beat after a certain time cylinder they turn, they wet the dragged along felt by water, they wind around the wooden round beam and again they continue to drag along to the readiness.

Dense white felts are considered as the most valuable, but manufacture also gray and colored. In Khorezme, Karakalpakstane, Surkhandar’e and to Fergana valley make the polychrome felts, decorated with simple ornament. When the skill of carpet weaving arose, it is difficult to determine. Apparently when women learned from the fur of sheep to spin threads. But rock it spun in Uzbekistan they were found by archaeologists in raskopakh of the dwellings of semi-nomadic tribes, which relate to the epoch of aeneolithic period. In our time in some rural regions of woman are used rock or wooden spindles with similar pryaslitsami. On them it is possible to spin stocky rather rough yarn, from which in Nurata mezhgor’e, Dzhizake and Andizhan weave the dlinnovorsovye carpets -djul6xirsy, similar to the skin of bear. The density of the weaving of dzhul’khirsov is small, then surface their soft and downy, and archaic ornament reminds one of their ancient origin.

Bukhara carpets

The central field of carpet is frequently occupied with the longitudinal strips, in which the repetitive patterns are woven, and border in the form of the chain of rhombs and triangles emphasizes the geometric order of figure. Original carpets -with the well dressed glad coloring today compose the glory of Bukhara forewomen. Andizhan dzhul’khirsy are characterized by the fact that their central field the cross-shaped patterns occupy, in the border the motive of wave predominates, and the color solution is built on the contrast of dark-blue and red. Factory yarn or fur of domestic spinning, painted by women themselves, proceeds with the production of pileless carpets -palasov. Frequently palasy weave from the cotton threads. Palasnogo weaving technique is extremely diverse. Their smooth surface is formed by the interlacing of the threads of basis and weft. In different regions the countries of palasy are characterized by invoice, ornament and coloring. For the weaving of palasov of woman are used primitive uzkonavoynye machine tools, the same on what of thousands years ago wove the women of steppe tribes. The width of the palasnoy cloth, taken from this machine tool, does not exceed to soroka-pyatidesyati centimeters. Narrow palasnye tapes with the alternating bright raspberry-colored, yellow, black and green strips are sewn, and is created palas of practically any size. From the palasnoy cloth sew the paths, the bag, peremetnye Sumy -xurdjuny for the transportation is cargo on the camels or the horses. Best were always considered Bokharan palasy. Them they weave large sizes on the shirokonavoynykh machine tools, with the large simple figure of white, red and yellow. In Surkhandar’e of forewoman manufacture palasy in the complex technique of “gazhari” and of “therm” with the geometric ornament on the two-colored basis.

There manufacture palasy of “afgani” from valuable woolen yarn. In Uzbekistan value also very decorative palasy of “arabi”. They weave themselves in the so-called “dishonourable” technology. Their expressive large pattern is built on the contrast of bright and white spots. Are especially well dressed wedding palasy of “beshkashta”. Their multicolored, a little convex pattern is created by the threads of basis, which braid thick weft, and it is raised above the surface of background, creating the impression of embroidry. But authentic glory to Uzbek carpets brought carpets to “gilam”. It is difficult to determine, in what epoch napped carpets appeared. It is reliably known only that among the goods, which translated caravans along the great silk way from the east to the West, there were the highly tsenimye everywhere eastern carpets. On the high quality of local articles answered already Marco polo, who visited central Asia in THE XIII century. “they are manufactured here, know, the thinnest and most beautiful in light of carpets”, noted it. After two centuries Spanish ambassador with the court Of amira Of temura Of rui Gonzalez by de Clavijo colorfully described the “bright red carpets”, which he saw in the Bukhara palaces, the gardens and the tents of the lord Of movarounnakhra. Unfortunately, until our time were preserved only several carpets, dated by the end OF THE XVII - by beginning OF THE XVIII it was age-long. In the old times carpet making was exceptionally domestic trade, and women dealt with it traditionally.

For preparing yarn for the carpet the best spring fur of plains sheep was selected. To the spinning of threads dispatch only longest and fine fibers. Indeed the value of carpet was always determined by its density. The best carpets, woven from the finest threads, count to several thousand knots in the square decimeter. In the past centuries the rich, court to know had hundreds of carpets and carpet articles in all cases of life. Perhaps, the emir of Bukhara had available the largest meeting. In his collection there was to ten thousand carpets, which followed the entire staff of servants. The substantial part of this wealth emir obtained as the presentings from his those approximated and, in turn, from time to time, odarival by their carpets. Eastern carpets possess the enviable property, which distinguishes skill from the craft: article it is older, the higher it values. And in the beginning of the twentieth century the increased demand for the carpets, which began frequently to export beyond the limits of Turkestan edge, gave birth to even this phenomenon as the forgery of carpet articles. Carpets artificially aged, thus increasing their commodity value. Weaving of carpets - matter labor-consuming, measured off, tedious. It requires assiduity, prilezhnosti, attention and at the same time rapidity and accuracy in the motion of hands. Experienced forewoman so rapidly ties threads on the basis, stretched to the machine tool, knot presses by metallic hook and tightly drives in it, which is difficult to follow after flashing of quick hands. Since the men do not usually for long maintain this rate, carpet making is traditionally and today domestic female occupation. Women transfer their skill from generation to generation, from the mother to the daughter, using for this the most visual method - a personal example.

The ornaments of Uzbek carpets, created by forewomen is much age-long back, they there is no time had magic value. At their basis lie the stylized plant and zoomorfnye motives, magic symbols and totemnye signs. It is necessary to say that the old carpet makers -gilamci tinctured yarn exclusively with the aid of the natural dyes. It were known many plants, from which were obtained such paints. For obtaining the red paint of different nuances the extract of moraine most frequently used. From the indigo was obtained the gamma of dark-blue it was color. With the broths of the crust of oak, nut, grenade they tinctured yarn in the brown, black and yellow tones. In the families of carpet makers the prescriptions of the production of dyes with great care were stored, they were transferred from generation to generation as the intransient value. Steady in its basic directions, carpet making in Uzbekistan preserves local uniqueness and local differences in the styles. Thus, Bokharan carpets are characterized by colorfulness and colorfulness of pattern, large sizes and high nap. In Samarkand are manufactured the carpets with the laconic and expressive figure red-black- turn blue gamma. Their central field is broken into the large slanting rhombs with the uniform lockets, and border is ornamented by the chain of rhombs. Are interesting the dense carpets with the clipped nap, in composition center of which are most frequently located the lockets the so-called “pattern of panel”. In Andizhan region weave the carpets in red- turn blue to coloristic range. Their composition composes central field in the form of longitudinal strips ornamental border. In some settlements of the Fergana valley of forewoman skillfully was processed the fur and they obtained the surprising combinations of the ruby-colored, strawberry, dark red and saturated vivid- dark-blue of tones. The bordered by the framework of three strips center of carpet is filled up with ornamental motives from the straight and broken lines, with figures in the form of squares, rhombs with the patterns by the inside or ornamented strips. Sometimes central field decorates locket or image of the efflorescent bush or vase with the colors, typical for the Uzbek ornamental skill. Carpets with this figure are called kashgarskimi, resembling about the connections of central Asia with Xinjiang.

Khiva carpets are frequently decorated with plant ornament, and the inhabitants of the floodlands of Amu-Dar’ya weave on the carpets patterns in the form of those stylized it is horny rams and oberegov- tumors, their resembling about past nomad ancestors. Their yourtas are picturesquely braided by long carpet strips -baskurami, clothing they add into carpet turva and bags. Special position in the history of Uzbek carpets occupy the silk and zolototkanye napped articles, which created to a considerable extent the glory of “eastern carpets”. They were made in the palace workshops of Bukhara, Samarkand, Khivy, decorated the courts of tsars and to znati, them gave to foreign rulers as treasures, and they cost very dearly. In the course of time, together with the sunset of feudal might it arrived into decline and production of the expensive and labor-consuming silk carpets, and the technology of their production was lost since the beginning OF THE XIX century. Revived unique craft in the carpet workshop “Bukhara - Samarkand”, organized during our days By mukhammadom By avazom. Now in the workshop, located in the old part of Samarkand, work more than four hundred forewomen, who make per month thirty - forty silk carpets. In the workshop the foreign tourists are frequent guests. To attempt to trace the process of weaving practically impossibly: in the instant of eye the forewoman ties thread and knot presses by metallic hook, tightly is established it on the place. The work on one carpet can last from 6 to 12 months, indeed the density of netting is very high: in the pattern of each article it is necessary to connect hundreds of thousands, and that more than million it is main on each square meter. The game of dark and light tones is characteristic for the silk carpets. Examining this article from the different sides, it is possible to see, as background color changes nuances.

This extraordinarily enriches the coloristic sounding of the coloring of entire carpet. Very thin - the height of nap does not exceed 2 millimeters - they are characterized by dense velvety surface and, in spite of its ease, they are durable and long-lived. Paints in such carpets do not effloresce in the course of time, moreover, they become nasyshchenneye, it is more noble. In carpets appears silvery or golden ebb, which increases their artistic merits and highly values by experts. In the figure of silk carpet classical eastern compositions are used in essence, national ornament thinly is stylized. In extreme antiquity they tinctured carpet yarn with the aid of the natural dyes of plant and animal origin. To ancestors there were known many plants, from which were obtained such paints. And today into workshop “Bukhara- Samarkand” you will not meet chemical, “aniline” dyes. As into the old times, yarn they tincture with the aid of the natural dyes of plant and animal origin. In Samarkand over the area Of registan acts constant exhibition- sale of the silk carpets of manual work, woven in the workshop “Bukhara - Samarkand”. And tourists willingly attend hall and it is simple the amateurs of beauty in order to estimate, and that to purchase one of the legendary eastern carpets. Silk carpets can be acquired, also, in Bukhara under the cupolas of ancient commercial passage. Carpets in Uzbekistan are sold practically on any market in a carpet number. Spread on the floor they argue with the brightness of paints, convoluted into the cylinders conceal the refined ornaments, and hung out at the entrance into the bench carpets and palasy are ready to be filled by wind as sail. It can be, here it is possible to purchase even flying carpet.